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A map photo of China in its region by TuBS –

35 Fascinating Facts about China

China is officially the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It is a country in East Asia. It is the world’s most populous country with a population exceeding 1.4 billion people. China spans five geographical time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia.

China also has a narrow maritime boundary with disputed Taiwan. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. In the article are the 35 fascinating facts about China.

1. China is the world’s third-largest country by total land area

China covers an area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometres. This makes it the world’s third-largest country by total land area. The country consists of 23 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions i.e. Hong Kong and Macau.

2. Beijing is the capital city of China

Photo of Beijing skyliny by N509FZ –

Beijing is the capital of the People’s Republic of China. It is the centre of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world’s most populous national capital city, with over 21 million residents.

It has an administrative area of 16,410.5 km2. It is the third in the country after Guangzhou and Shanghai. It is located in Northern China and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.

3. Shanghai is China’s most populous city and the financial centre

A photo of Pudong Shanghai by King of Hearts –

Shanghai is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it.

It has a population of 24.89 million as of 2021. This makes it the most populous urban area in China with 39,300,000 inhabitants living in the Shanghai metropolitan area. Shanghai ranks second among the administrative divisions of Mainland China in the human development index (after Beijing).

Shanghai is one of the world’s major centres for finance, business and economics, research, education, science and technology, manufacturing, tourism, culture, dining, art, fashion, sports, and transportation, and the Port of Shanghai is the world’s busiest container port.

4. China produced one of the top ten busiest airports in 2019

In 2019, the Shanghai Pudong International Airport was one of the world’s 10 busiest airports by passenger traffic. Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of two international airports serving Shanghai and a major aviation hub of East Asia.

Pudong Airport serves both international flights and a smaller number of domestic fights, while the city’s other major airport, Shanghai鈥揌ongqiao, mainly serves domestic and regional flights in East Asia. Located adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong, the airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority.

5. Port of Shanghai is the world’s busiest container port

Aerial photo of Shanghai port by Vmenkov –

The Port of Shanghai located in the vicinity of Shanghai comprises a deep-sea port and a river port. The main port enterprise in Shanghai is the Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG). It was established during the reconstitution of the Shanghai Port Authority.

In 2010, Shanghai port overtook the Port of Singapore to become the world’s busiest container port. Shanghai’s port handled 29.05 million TEU, whereas Singapore’s was a half million TEU behind. Shanghai handled 43.3 million TEUs in 2019.

6. Shanghai is one of only four port cities in the world to be categorised as a large-port

There are three dimensions to a mega port; the cargo volume it handles, the economic value it represents, and the land and water surface it utilises. There are three key factors in establishing a mega-port which are planning, innovation, and interlinkages.

Therefore, Shanghai is one of only four port cities in the world to be categorised as a large-port Megacity, due to its high volumes of port traffic and large urban population.

7. Mandarin is China’s national language

The official dialect of China is Mandarin, also call 鈥淧utonghua鈥�. More than 70% of the Chinese population speaks Mandarin, but there are also several other major dialects in use in China: Yue (Cantonese), Xiang (Hunanese), Min dialect, Gan dialect, Wu dialect, and Kejia or Hakka dialect.

8. China is officially an atheist state

In the early 21st century, there has been increasing official recognition of Confucianism and Chinese folk religion as part of China’s cultural inheritance. Chinese civilization has historically long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.

However, the People’s Republic of China is officially an atheist state. The government though formally recognizes five religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity where Catholicism and Protestantism are recognised separately, and Islam.

9. Rice is the staple food in China

Rice is the staple food of the People’s Republic of China. However, wheat and maize are also considered the main staple foods in the People鈥檚 Republic of China. Whilst annual rice-upland crop rotation systems are commonly used in Central regions such as Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, as well as near the Yangtze River Valley. Rice-upland systems generate 49% of the nation’s rice production.

10. China is a communist country

Today, the existing communist states in the world are China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. These communist states often do not claim to have achieved socialism or communism in their countries but to be building and working toward the establishment of socialism in their countries.

Since 1 October 1949 after the Second World War, China has been run by one party – the Communist Party of China. Its leading role is enshrined in the constitution and it controls the government, police and military.

11. China is No Longer a Short Nation

There is an old stereotype that Chinese people are short which of course used to be true. Many Chinese people, especially the ones that emigrated to western countries over the past 100 years or so, were shorter due to a high possibility of nutritional deficiencies.

But this has changed. If you go to any major Chinese city, particularly Beijing, and other cities in Northern China, it is easy to find many young men and women over 5鈥�9鈥� and even many men over 6 feet tall. I should know, I am one of them.

12. Currently, political scientists do not recognize China as a democracy

The debate over democracy in China has been a major ideological battleground in Chinese politics since the 19th century. Currently, political scientists do not recognize China as a democracy. Instead, they categorize China as an authoritarian state which has been characterized as a dictatorship.

The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) states that its form of government is “people’s democratic dictatorship”. The Constitution also holds that China is a one-party state that is governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
This gives the CCP a total monopoly of political power which it frequently exercises.

All political opposition is illegal. Currently, there are eight political parties in China other than the CCP that are legal, but all have to accept CCP primacy to exist and are indirectly controlled by the CCP.

13. The current president of China is Xi Jinping

A photo of President Xi Jinping by Pal谩cio do Planalto –

Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician. He has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). Thus he is the paramount leader of China, since 2012. Xi has also served as president of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 2013.

14. The first electoral law was passed in March 1953

The second electoral law was passed on 1 July 1979. The 1979 law allowed ordinary voters to nominate candidates, unlike the 1953 law which provided no such mechanism. The 1979 law was revised in 1982, removing the reference to the ability of political parties, mass organizations, and voters to use “various forms of publicity”.

Instead of instructing that the “election committees should introduce the candidates to the voters; the political parties, mass organizations, and voters who recommend the candidates can introduce them at group meetings of the voters”. In 1986, the election law was amended to disallow primary elections.

15. China was the number 2 economy in the world in terms of GDP in 2010

Since 2010, China has had the world’s second-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP, totalling approximately US$18 trillion (114.3 trillion Yuan) as of 2021. In terms of purchasing power parity (GDP PPP), China’s economy has been the largest in the world since 2014, according to the World Bank.

China is also the world’s fastest-growing major economy. According to the World Bank, China’s GDP grew from $150 billion in 1978 to $14.28 trillion by 2019. China’s economic growth has been consistently above 6 per cent since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978.

16. China is also the world’s largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods

The top exports of China are Broadcasting Equipment ($223B), Computers ($156B), Integrated Circuits ($120B), Office Machine Parts ($86.8B), and Other Cloth Articles ($60.7B), exporting mostly to United States ($438B), Hong Kong ($262B), Japan ($151B), Germany ($112B), and South Korea ($110B).

The top imports of China are Crude Petroleum ($150B), Integrated Circuits ($144B), Iron Ore ($99B), Cars ($42B), and Soybeans ($37.4B), imported mostly from Japan ($133B), South Korea ($131B), United States ($122B), Germany ($106B), and Chinese Taipei ($104B).

17. China is the world’s overseas investor

I can testify that China is one of the leading foreign investors most especially in third-world countries Kenya included. For example, the construction of the Kenyan Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) was a project supervised fully by Chinese personnel.
China鈥檚 foreign investment has grown tenfold over the last decade.

The country now ranks as the third largest source of overseas investment. It has been an especially welcome source of foreign capital to developing countries, contributing significantly to infrastructure development in areas such as construction and information technology.

18. China has had the world’s largest middle-class population since 2015

The middle class grew to a size of 400 million by 2018. In 2020, a study by the Brookings Institution forecasted that China’s middle class will reach 1.2 billion by 2027 which is almost 4 times the entire U.S. population today, making up one-fourth of the world total.

19. China is divided by social classes

Even though the middle class is growing at a faster rate than it’s supposed to grow, China has the world’s highest number of billionaires, with nearly 878 as of October 2020, increasing at the rate of roughly five per week.

China has a high level of economic inequality, which has increased in the past few decades. In 2018 China’s Gini coefficient was 0.467, according to the World Bank. The presence of middle-class people and rich people bridges a gap between the social status of people in China.

20. China was a world leader in science and technology until the Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

Ancient Chinese discoveries and inventions, such as papermaking, printing, the compass, and gunpowder which are the Four Great Inventions, became widespread across East Asia, the Middle East and later Europe. Chinese mathematicians were the first to use negative numbers.

21. Why did Chinese reformers begin promoting modern science and technology?

After repeated military defeats by the European colonial powers and Japan in the 19th century, Chinese reformers began promoting modern science and technology as part of the Self-Strengthening Movement.

After the Communists came to power in 1949, efforts were made to organize science and technology based on the model of the Soviet Union, in which scientific research was part of central planning. After Mao died in 1976, science and technology were promoted as one of the Four Modernizations, and the Soviet-inspired academic system was gradually reformed.

22. China has produced numerous world-leading infrastructural projects

After a decades-long infrastructural boom, China has produced numerous world-leading infrastructural projects as china has the world’s largest bullet train network, the most supertall skyscrapers in the world, the world’s largest power plant (the Three Gorges Dam), the largest energy generation capacity in the world.

China also has a global satellite navigation system with the largest number of satellites in the world, and has initiated the Belt and Road Initiative, a large global infrastructure-building initiative.

23. China is the largest telecom market in the world

It has the largest number of active cell phones of any country in the world, with over 1.5 billion subscribers, as of 2018. It also has the world’s largest number of internet and broadband users, with over 800 million Internet users as of 2018鈥攅quivalent to around 60% of its population鈥攁nd almost all of them being mobile as well. By 2018, China had more than 1 billion 4G users, accounting for 40% of the world’s total.

24. China legally recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups

These ethnic groups altogether comprise the Zhonghua Minzu. The largest of these nationalities are the ethnic Chinese or “Han”, who constitute more than 90% of the total population.

The Han Chinese are the world’s largest single ethnic group. They outnumber other ethnic groups in every provincial-level division except Tibet and Xinjiang. Ethnic minorities account for less than 10% of the population of China, according to the 2010 census.

25. China has urbanized significantly in recent decades

The percentage of the country’s population living in urban areas increased from 20% in 1980 to over 60% in 2019. It is estimated that China’s urban population will reach one billion by 2030, potentially equivalent to one-eighth of the world population. China has over 160 cities with a population of over one million.

 26. Every child in China has a compulsory right to education

Since 1986, compulsory education in China comprises primary and junior secondary schools, which last for nine years. In 2021, about 91.4 per cent of students continued their education at a three-year senior secondary school.

China has the largest education system in the world, with about 282 million students and 17.32 million full-time teachers in over 530,000 schools. In February 2006, the government pledged to provide completely free nine-year education, including textbooks and fees.

27. Since ancient times, Chinese culture has been heavily influenced by Confucianism

For much of the country’s dynastic era, opportunities for social advancement could be provided by high performance in the prestigious imperial examinations, which have their origins in the Han dynasty.

The literary emphasis of the exams affected the general perception of cultural refinement in China, such as the belief that calligraphy, poetry and painting were higher forms of art than dancing or drama.

The Chinese culture has long emphasized a sense of deep history and a largely inward-looking national perspective. Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today.

28. China hosts the world’s second-largest number of World Heritage Sites

China received 55.7 million inbound international visitors in 2010, and in 2012 was the third-most-visited country in the world. It also experienced an enormous volume of domestic tourism; an estimated 740 million Chinese holidaymakers travelled within the country in October 2012.

China hosts the world’s second-largest number of World Heritage Sites after Italy and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world (first in the Asia-Pacific).

29. Chinese cuisine is highly diverse!

Chinese cuisine draws on several millennia of culinary history and geographical variety. Looking for places to have delicious Chinese cuisine? Discover Walks of course got your back! Visit our page and you’ll and from well-prepared manuals on how to find places to each Chinese cuisine if you happen to tour the country.

All in all, the most influential Chinese cuisine is known as the “Eight Major Cuisine and they include; Sichuan, Cantonese, Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian, Hunan, Anhui, and Zhejiang cuisines.

All of them are featured by the precise skills of shaping, heating, and flavouring. Chinese cuisine is also known for its width of cooking methods and ingredients, as well as food therapy that is emphasized by traditional Chinese medicine.
30. Chinese music covers a diverse range of music from traditional music to modern music

Chinese music dates back to pre-imperial times. Traditional Chinese musical instruments were traditionally grouped into eight categories known as bayin. A traditional Chinese opera is a form of musical theatre in China that originated thousands of years and has regional style forms such as Beijing opera and Cantonese opera.

Chinese pop (C-Pop) includes mandopop and cantopop. Chinese rap, Chinese hip hop and Hong Kong hip hop have become popular in contemporary times.

31. Cinema was first introduced to China in 1896

The first Chinese film, Dingjun Mountain, was released in 1905. China has had the world’s largest number of movie screens since 2016. China became the largest cinema market in the world in 2020. The top 3 highest-grossing films in China currently are Wolf Warrior 2 (2017), Ne Zha (2019), and The Wandering Earth (2019).

32. Hanfu is the historical clothing of the Han people in China

Hanfu is the traditional style of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of hanfu, such as the ruqun which is an upper-body garment with a long outer skirt, the aoqun which is an upper-body garment with a long underskirt, the beizi and the shenyi, and the shanku which is an upper-body garment with ku trousers. The hanfu movement has been popular in contemporary times and seeks to revitalize Hanfu clothing.

33. China has one of the oldest sporting cultures in the world

There is evidence that archery (sh猫ji脿n) was practised during the Western Zhou dynasty. Swordplay (ji脿nsh霉) and cuju, a sport loosely related to association football date back to China’s early dynasties as well.

Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Chinese culture, with morning exercises such as qigong and t’ai chi ch’uan widely practised, and commercial gyms and private fitness clubs are gaining popularity across the country. Basketball is currently the most popular spectator sport in China.

34. The reading habits of books by Chinese citizens are encouraging

A survey of reading habits shows adult Chinese read 7.78 books a year on average, and children and teenagers under 17 read 8.81 books, according to survey results released on Wednesday in Beijing.

When it comes to favourite categories of books, Chinese love literature most, followed by lifestyle, history and psychology. As for digital reading, urban love stories are the most popular, followed by history/military, literature classics and fantasy.

35. How did World War II affect china?

World War II proved so traumatic to China that its Nationalist government collapsed soon afterwards and a radical communist government successfully conquered the mainland in 1949. Yet overall, the major legacy of World War II in Asia was that it ended the era of imperialism on the continent. It was the bloodiest conflict and largest war in military history.