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Sa’dabad Complex Museum photo by Behnam Yousefi –

Top 10 Interesting Facts about Sa’dabad Complex Museum

The Sa’dabad Complex is a 110-hectare complex built by the Qajar and Pahlavi monarchs, located in Shemiran, Greater Tehran, Iran. Today, the official residence of the President of Iran is located adjacent to the complex.

The complex includes more than 180 hectares of natural forest, streets, qanats, galleries, mansions/palaces, and museums. In the article Top ten interesting facts about Sa’dabad Complex Museum.

1. The Qajar dynasty initially inhabited the complex

Green Palace image by reibai –

The complex was initially built and inhabited by the Qajar dynasty of monarchs in the 19th century. The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, ruling over Iran from 1789 to 1925.

The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf ‘Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. The royal family then built the Sa’dbad Complex and lived in it.

2. The Pahlavi dynasty took possession of the complex in the 1920s

Sa’d Abad Palace image by Nina from Helsinki, Finland –

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The Pahlavi dynasty was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who took on the name of the Pahlavi language spoken in the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire to strengthen his nationalist credentials.

The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in the early 1920s, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 41-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade.

After extensive expansions, Reza Shah resided in the complex in the 1920s. His son, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, moved there in the 1970s. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter stayed in the palace during a visit to Pahlavi Iran to guarantee U.S. support for the regime.

3. The complex became a public museum after the 1979 revolution

To those who have read our article about the Azadi Tower, the gate was named Azad meaning “Freedom Tower”. It was named Azad after the 1979 Revolution.

The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

The revolution also was demanding the replacement of Reza Pahlavi’s government with an Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt. The revolution was supported by various leftist and Islamist organizations.

Keep in mind that the complex after Reza Pahlavi was overthrown from the government, would be deserted. Since he was forced to move out, then the complex became a public museum.

4. There are selections of royal cars in the Sa’dabad complex museum

Image of Royal Cars in Sa’dabad by Kasir –

Mohammad Reza was also known for his interest in cars and had a personal collection of 140 classic and sports cars including a Mercedes-Benz 500K Autobahn cruiser, one of only six ever made.

The first Maserati 5000 GT was named the Shah of Persia, it was built for Mohammad Reza, who had been impressed by the Maserati 3500 and requested Giulio Alfieri, Maserati’s chief engineer, to use a modified 5-liter engine from the Maserati 450S on the 3500GT’s chassis.

After Sa’dabad Complex Museum had opened up to the public as a museum, the huge collection of private fortunes in the world was put on display. The royal cars were put in the royal cars section including the first Maserati 5000 GT.

5. The statue of Arash the Archer is erected in the complex’s compound

Image of Arat the Archer statue by 丿乇賮卮 讴丕賵蹖丕賳蹖 –

Arash the Archer is a heroic archer figure of Iranian mythology. According to Iranian folklore, the boundary between Iran and Turan was set by an arrow launched by Arash, after he put his own life in the arrow’s launch.

The arrow was traveling for days before finally landing on the other side of the Oxus on the bark of a walnut tree hundreds of miles away from the original launch site atop a mountain. So, the statue was laid in the compound to commemorate Arash the Archer.

6. There are depictions of Persian mythology in the White House

Persian mythology or Iranian mythology is the body of the myths originally told by ancient Persians and other Iranian peoples, and a genre of Ancient Persian folklore.

These stories concern the origin and nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Persians’ cult and ritual practices.

Historically, these were regions long ruled by dynasties of various Iranian empires, that incorporated considerable aspects of Persian culture through extensive contact with them, or where sufficient Iranian peoples settled to still maintain communities that patronize their respective cultures.

It roughly corresponds to the Iranian plateau and its bordering plains. The Encyclop忙dia Iranica uses the term Iranian Cultural Continent for this region. The White Palace in the Sa’dabad Complex, therefore, has these depictions of Persian mythology.

7. The Green Palace is still the most beautiful in Iran

The Green Palace photo by GTVM92 –

We can boldly call the Green Museum Palace the most beautiful palace in Iran! This palace is very important due to its great historical and architectural importance. It dates back to the Qajar period and has two styles of Iranian architecture.

They called this palace “The Stone Palace” during the reign of Reza Khan and “The Shahvand palace” during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; and later, they called it “The Green Palace” because of its green fa莽ade.

8. The Mellat Museum is the largest palace in the complex

Mellat Palace photo by Radoslaw Botev-

The Palace of the Nation Museum with an area of 7,000 square meters is the largest in the Sa’dabad complex and was also famous as “The White House” due to its white facade.

Other names of this palace during different years were: The King’s Palace, The Private Palace, and The Private White House. After the 1979 revolution and the transfer of the complex to the Cultural Heritage Organization, it was renamed “The Palace of the Nation Museum” The construction of the Palace, began in the late Pahlavi period.

9. Palace of the King’s mother is not accessible to the public

During the Pahlavi period, this palace was the place of the last years of Reza Shah’s life before his exile to Mauritius. Also, the place of residence of the king’s mother (Taj al-Muluk) until the time of the 1979 Revolution.

This palace is currently in the possession of the Presidential Institution of Iran and is reserved for special guests of the Government of Iran, and for this reason, it is also famous as “The Republic Building”. This palace is also currently inaccessible to the public.

10. Statue of the Shah’s Legs was erected in the museum complex

Statue of Shas’s legs photo by 丿乇賮卮 讴丕賵蹖丕賳蹖 –

The unfinished statue of Reza Shah, work on it was abandoned at the twilight of the monarchist regime in 1979 and now it is placed in front of the Niavaran Palace Complex, Tehran, Iran.